Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 31-37 , January 2010

Copper, Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Exercising Horses Fed Two Forms of Trace Mineral Supplements

  • Elizabeth L. Wagner, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn AL
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Elizabeth L. Wagner, PhD, Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, 210 Upchurch Hall, Auburn, AL 36849.
    • ,
  • Gary D. Potter, PhD ((emeritus))

      Affiliations

    • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
    • ,
  • Pete G. Gibbs, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Texas AgriLife Extension System, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
    • ,
  • Elena M. Eller, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
    • ,
  • Brett D. Scott, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
    • ,
  • Martha M. Vogelsang, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
    • ,
  • Rosemary L. Walzem, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

References 

  1. Clarkson PM, Thompson HS. Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:637S–646S
  2. Auer D. Free radicals, inflammation and copper. In: Proceedings Equine Pharmacology and Therapy: Proceedings of the Eleventh Bain–Fallon Memorial Lectures. Coffs Harbour, NSW Australia: Australian Equine Veterinary Association; 1989;p. 32–47
  3. Yu BP. Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol Rev. 1994;74:139–162
  4. de Moffarts B, Kirschvink N, Art T, Pincemail J, Michaux C, Cayeux K, et al. Impact of training and exercise intensity on blood antioxidant markers in healthy standardbred horses. Equine Comp Exerc Physiol. 2004;1:211–220
  5. Ji LL, Dillon DA, Bump KD, Lawrence LM. Antioxidant response to exercise in equine erythrocytes. J Equine Vet Sci. 2001;10:380–383
  6. Balogh N, Gaál T, Ribiczeyné P, Petri A. Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise. Vet Clin Pathol. 2001;30:214–218
  7. Suttle NF, McMurray CH. Use of erythrocyte copper:zinc superoxide dismutase activity and hair or fleece copper concentrations in the diagnosis of hypocuprosis in ruminants. Res Vet Sci. 1983;35:47–52
  8. Prohaska RJ. Changes in Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c oxidase, glutathione perioxidase and glutathione transferase activities in copper-deficient rats and mice. J Nutr. 1991;121:355–363
  9. Górecka R, Sitarska E, Kluciński W, Kleczkowski M. Antioxidant status in horses. Pol J Vet Sci. 1999;2:133–136
  10. Baker LA, Wrigley MR, Pipken JL, Haliburton JT, Bachman RC. Digestibility and retention of inorganic and organic sources of copper and zinc in mature horses. In: Proceedings 19th Equine Science Symposium; 2005:162–165; Tucson, AZ.
  11. Miller ED, Baker LA, Pipken JL, Bachman RC, Haliburton JT, Veneklasen GO. The effect of supplemental inorganic and organic forms of copper and zinc on digestibility in yearling geldings in training. In: Proceedings 18th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium; 2003:107–112; East Lansing, MI.
  12. Wagner EL, Potter GD, Eller EM, Gibbs PG, Hood DM. Absorption and retention of trace minerals in adult horses. Prof Anim Sci. 2005;21:207–211
  13. Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares. Equine Vet J. 1983;15:371–372
  14. NRC. Nutrient requirements of horses. 5th ed.. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989;
  15. Anderson CE, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Courtney CC. Digestible energy requirements for exercising horses. J Anim Sci. 1983;56:91–95
  16. StataCorp. Stata statistical software [computer program]. Release 8. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2003;
  17. Courouce A, Corde R, Valette JP, Cassiat G, Hodgson DR, Rose RJ. Comparison of some responses to exercise on the track and the treadmill in French trotters: determination of the optimal treadmill incline. Vet J. 2000;159:57–63
  18. Barrey E, Galloux P, Valette JP, Auvinet B, Wolter R. Determination of the optimal treadmill slope for reproducing the same cardiac response in saddle horses as overground exercise conditions. Vet Rec. 1993;113:183–185
  19. Smith P, Stubley D, Blackmore DJ. Measurement of superoxide dismutase, diamine oxidase and caeruloplasmin oxidase in the blood of thoroughbreds. Res Vet Sci. 1983;35:160–164
  20. de Moffarts B, Kirschvink N, Art T, Pincemail J, Lekeux P. Effect of oral antioxidant supplementation on blood antioxidant status in trained thoroughbred horses. Vet J. 2005;169:65–74
  21. Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972;247:3170–3175
  22. Ishida N, Hobo S, Takahashi T, Nanbo Y, Sato F, Hasegawa T, et al. Chronological changes in superoxide-scavenging ability and lipid peroxide concentration of equine serum due to stress from exercise and transport. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999;30:430–433
  23. Sullivan KE, Snyder JR, Schiedt MJ, Harman FJ, Giri SN. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defenses during ischaemia and reperfusion of the equine ascending colon. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1992;13:99–101

PII: S0737-0806(09)00694-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.11.008

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 31-37 , January 2010

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