Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 44-46 , January 2010

Pharmacokinetics of Tramadol after Epidural Administration in Horses

  • Mario Giorgi, ChemD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Veterinary Clinics, V.le delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Mario Giorgi, ChemD, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Clinics, V.le delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
    • ,
  • Giuseppe Saccomanni, ChemD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy
    • ,
  • Valentina Andreoni, DVM

      Affiliations

    • Veterinary Anaesthesia and University Veterinary Hospital, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

References 

  1. Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM. Tramadol: a preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states. Drugs. 1993;46:313–340
  2. Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL. Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an ‘atypical’ opioid analgesic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992;260:275–285
  3. Gan SH, Ismail R, Wan Adnan WA, Zulmi W. Impact of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism on tramadol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Mol Diagn Ther. 2007;11:171–181
  4. Grond S, Sablotzki A. Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43:879–923
  5. Giorgi M, Soldani G, Manera C, Ferrarini PL, Sgorbini M, Saccomanni G. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its metabolites M1, M2 and M5 in horses following intravenous, immediate release (fasted/fed) and sustained release single dose administration. J Equine Vet Sci. 2007;27:481–488
  6. Shilo Y, Britzi M, Eytan B, Lifschitz T, Soback S, Steinman A. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in horses after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2008;31:60–65
  7. Giorgi M, Del Carlo S, Sgorbini M, Saccomanni G. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its metabolites M1, M2 and M5 in donkeys after intravenous and oral immediate release single dose administration. J Equine Vet Sci. 2009;29:569–574
  8. Natalini CC, Robinson EP. Evaluation of the analgesic effects of epidurally administered morphine, alfentanil, butorphanol, tramadol, and U50488H in horses. Am J Vet Res. 2000;61:1579–1586
  9. Natalini CC, Robinson EP. Effects of epidural opioid analgesics on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, and behavior in horses. Vet Ther. 2003;4:364–375
  10. Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ. Preanesthetics and anesthetics adjuncts. In:  Thurmon JC,  Tranquilli WJ,  Benson GJ editor. Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1996;p. 191–192
  11. Yamaoka K, Nakagawa T, Uno T. Statistical moments in pharmacokinetics. J Pharmacokin Biopharm. 1978;6:547–558
  12. Malonne H, Sonet B, Streel B, Lebrun S, De Niet S, Sereno A, et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a new oral sustained release dosage form of tramadol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;57:270–278

PII: S0737-0806(09)00690-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.11.004

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 44-46 , January 2010

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