Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 29, Issue 3 , Pages 146-153 , March 2009

Extrapituitary and Pituitary Pathological Findings in Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Retrospective Study

  • Christiana M. Glover, DVM, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
    • ,
  • Lisa M. Miller, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
    • ,
  • Noel O. Dybdal, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Genentech, South San Francisco CA
    • ,
  • Alfonso Lopez, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
    • ,
  • Wendy M. Duckett, DVM, MS

      Affiliations

    • The Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
    • ,
  • Dianne McFarlane, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • The Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Dianne McFarlane, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Veterinary Health Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078.

References 

  1. Schott HC. Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction:equine Cushing's disease. Vet Clin North Am. 2002;18:237–270
  2. Boujon CE, Bestetti GE, Meier HP, Straub R, Junker U, Rossi GL. Equine pituitary adenoma: A functional and morphological study. J Comp Pathol. 1993;109:163–178
  3. Heinrichs MH, Baumgartner W, Capen CC. Immunocytochemical demonstration of pro-opiomelanocortin derived peptides in pituitary adenomas of the pars intermedia in horses. Vet Pathol. 1990;27:419–425
  4. Hillyer MH, Taylor FRG, Mair TS, Murphy D, Watson TDG, Love S. Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in the horse. Equine Vet Educ. 1992;4:131–134
  5. Orth DN, Nicholson WE. Bioactive and immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin in normal equine pituitary and in pituitary tumors of horses with Cushing's disease. Endocrinology. 1982;111:559–563
  6. van der Kolk JH, Heinrichs M, van Amerongen JD, Stooker RC, in de Wal LJ, van den Ingh TS. Evaluation of pituitary gland anatomy and histopathologic findings in clinically normal horses and horses and ponies with pituitary pars intermedia adenoma. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65:1701–1707
  7. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. Cellular adaptation, cell injury and cell death. 7th ed.. Robbins and Cotran pathological basis of disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2004;3–46
  8. Saland LC. The mammalian pituitary intermediate lobe: an update on innervation and regulation. Brain Res Bull. 2001;54:587–593
  9. McFarlane D, Dybdal NO, Donaldson MT, Miller L, Cribb AE. Nitration and increased alpha synuclein expression associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. J Neuroendocrinol. 2005;17:217–222
  10. Riga D, Riga S, Halalau F, Schneider F. Brain lipopigment accumulation in normal and pathological aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1067:158–163
  11. Seger M, Bennett H. Structure and bioactivity of the amino-terminal of pro-opiomelanocortin. J Steroid Biochem. 1986;25:703–710
  12. Shanker G, Sharma A. Beta-endorphin stimulates corticosterone synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979;86:1–5
  13. Vinson G, Whitehouse B, Henville K. The actions of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone on the adrenal cortex. In:  Hadley M editors. The melanotropic peptides. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1985;p. 88–96
  14. Dalefield RR, Palmer DN. The frequent occurrence of thyroid tumours in aged horses. J Comp Pathol. 1994;110:57–64
  15. Cohen ND, Carter GK. Steroid hepatopathy in a horse with glucocorticoid-induced hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992;200:1682–1684
  16. Ryu SH, Kim BS, Lee CW, Yoon J, Lee YL. Glucocorticoid-induced laminitis with hepatopathy in a Thoroughbred filly. J Vet Sci. 2004;5:271–274
  17. Dungworth DL. The respiratory system. In:  Jubb K,  Kennedy P,  Palmer N editor. Pathology of domestic animals. 4th ed. Academic Press; 1993;p. 539–699
  18. Couetil LL, Ward MP. Analysis of risk factors for recurrent airway obstruction in North American horses: 1,444 cases (1990–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003;223:1645–1650
  19. McFarlane D, Holbrook TC. Cytokine dysregulation in aged horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:246–442
  20. Perry VH, Cunningham C, Holmes C. Systemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:161–167
  21. Caswell JL, Williams KJ. Respiratory disease. In:  Maxie MG editors. Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's pathology of domestic animals. 5th ed. Baltimore: Elsevier; 2007;p. 555–556
  22. Forbes JM, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME. Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes. Diabetes. 2008;57:1446–1454
  23. De Souza RR. Aging of myocardial collagen. Biogerontology. 2002;3:325–335
  24. McFarlane D, Cribb AE. Systemic and pituitary pars intermedia antioxidant capacity associated with pars intermedia oxidative stress and dysfunction in horses. Am J Vet Res. 2005;66:2065–2072

 Dr Glover's current address is: ITR Laboratories Inc. (International Toxicology Research), 19601 Clark Graham Boulevard, Bai d'Urfe, QC Canada H9X3T1.

PII: S0737-0806(09)00017-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.01.004

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 29, Issue 3 , Pages 146-153 , March 2009

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