Comparison of Caudal Epidural Anesthesia with Lidocaine-distilled Water and Lidocaine-MgSO₄ Mixture in Horses

Abstract 

This study was performed to compare the onset and duration of analgesia produced by either a lidocaine−MgSO₄ or lidocaine−distilled water combination administration in the caudal epidural space of horse. Seven healthy adult horses, aged 11.7 ± 1.4 years (mean ± SD), body weight (kg) 567 ± 32.5 (mean ± SD), were selected for this study. Caudal epidural anesthesia was produced in all horses by administering 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg) diluted in 1 mL distilled water and repeated with 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg) diluted in 1 mL 10% MgSO₄ 2 weeks later. Time to onset (minutes), duration (minutes), and cranial spread of epidural analgesia were recorded. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and body temperature (°C) were recorded. Measurements were taken at 0 (as a baseline value before epidural administrations) and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 75 minutes after the epidural administrations of each treatment. Statistical analyses included paired Student t test and analysis of variance (computer program SPSS, Analytical Software, version 15.00). Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Onset of analgesia was significantly different (P < .001) between lidocaine-distilled water (2.38 ± 0.47 minutes) and lidocaine−MgSO₄ (4.62 ± 0.54 minutes). Duration of analgesia after lidocaine−MgSO₄ (186.0 ± 7.0 minutes) was longer than lidocaine-distilled water (54.5 ± 7.3 minutes). No significant differences were recorded for HR, RR, and body temperature in comparison with baseline values for each group. Using the lidocaine−MgSO₄ combination for obstetric and surgical procedures could commence relatively soon after epidural injection and could be completed without readministration of anesthetic agent.

Keywords: MgSO₄, NMDA, Lidocaine, Horse, Epidural anesthesia