Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 281-288 , May 2008

Individual and Diurnal Variations in Rectal Temperature, Respiration, and Heart Rate of Pack Donkeys during the Early Rainy Season

  • Joseph O. Ayo, DVM, MSc, PhD
  • ,
  • Tavershima Dzenda, DVM, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Tavershima Dzenda, DVM, MSc, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria.
  • ,
  • Friday O. Zakari, DVM

References 

  1. Minka NS, Ayo JO. Effects of shade provision on some physiological parameters, behaviour and performance of pack donkeys (Equinus asinus) during the hot-dry season. J Equine Sci. 2007;18:39–46
  2. Stecher RM. Anatomical variations of the spine in the horse. J Mammal. 1962;43:205–219
  3. Svendsen ED. Work to improve the condition of donkeys and mules worldwide. In:  Fielding D,  Pearson RA editor. Donkey, mules and horse in tropical agricultural development. University of Edinburgh, UK: CTVM; 1991;p. 181
  4. Yousef MK. Physiological responses of the donkey to heat stress. In:  Fielding D,  Pearson RA editor. Donkey, mules and horse in tropical agricultural development. University of Edinburgh, UK: CTVM; 1991;p. 96
  5. Jones P. Overcoming ignorance about donkeys in Zimbabwe—a case study. In:  Fielding D,  Pearson RA editor. Donkeys, mules and horses in tropical agricultural development. University of Edinburgh, UK: CTVM; 1991;p. 174–180
  6. Fielding D, Pearson RA. Donkeys, mules and horses in tropical agricultural development. Proceedings First International Colloquium. University of Edinburgh, UK; 1991.
  7. Bakkoury M, Prentis RA. Working equines. Proceedings Second International Colloquium. Rabat, Morocco: Actes Editions; 1994;
  8. Starkey PH. Improving donkey utilization and management: report of the ATNESA Workshop. Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. 1998;
  9. Bianca WK. The significance of meteorology in animal production. Int J Biometeorol. 1976;20:139–156
  10. Vathana S, Kang K, Loan CP, Thinggaard G, Kabasa JD, ter Meulen U. Effect of vitamin C supplementation on performance of broiler chickens in Cambodia. Proceedings International Conference on Agricultural Research and Development, Witzenhausen: Deutcher Tropentag; 2002.
  11. FAO Corporate Document Repository. Farm structures in tropical climates: animal environmental requirements. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/S1250E/S1250E10.htm. Accessed October 30, 2007.
  12. Stott GH. What is animal stress and how is it measured?. J Anim Sci. 1981;52:150–153
  13. Finch VA, Bennett IL, Holmes CR. Sweating responses in cattle and its relation to rectal temperature, tolerance of sun and metabolic rate. J Agric Sci Cambridge. 1982;99:479
  14. Ayo JO, Oladele SB, Ngam S, Fayomi A, Afolayan SB. Diurnal fluctuations in rectal temperature of the Red Sokoto goat during the harmattan season. Res Vet Sci. 1998;66:7–9
  15. Minka NS, Ayo JO. Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season. Anim Sci J. 2007;78:164–172
  16. Minka NS, Ayo JO. Road transportion effect on rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates of ostrich (Struthio camelus) chicks. Vet Arh. 2007;77:39–46
  17. Bligh J. Species difference in the tolerance to meteorological stress, due to differences in function of organisms. Int J Biometeorol. 1970;4:149–156
  18. Johnson KG. Body temperature liability in sheep and goats during short-term exposure to heat and cold. J Agric Sci Cambridge. 1971;77:267–272
  19. Ayo JO, Oladele SB, Fayomi A, Jumbo SD, Hambolu JO. Body temperature, respiration and heart rates in the Red Sokoto goat during harmattan season. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr. 1998;46:161–166
  20. Zaytsev VI, Sinev AV, Ionov PS, Vasilyev AV, Sharabrin IG. Clinical diagnosis of internal diseases of farm animals. Moscow: Kolos Publishing House; 1971;336 [in Russian]
  21. Sainsbury DWB. Housing the donkey. In:  Svendsen ED editors. The professional handbook of the donkey. The Donkey Sanctuary. England: Sovereign Printing Group; 1986;p. 58–75
  22. Fielding D, Krause P. The tropical agriculturalist—donkeys. In:  Coste R,  Smith AJ editor. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Education Ltd; 1998;p. 119
  23. Pal Y, Kumar S, Gupta AK. Blood gases, acid-base and physiological indices in donkeys as pack animals. Draught Anim News. 2002;37:27–33
  24. Fuller A, Kamerman PR, Maloney SK, Matthee A, Mitchell G, Mitchell D. A year in the thermal life of a free-ranging herd of springbok Antidorcas marsupialis. J Exp Biol. 2005;208:2855–2864
  25. Warnecke L, Withers PC, Schleucher E, Maloney SK. Body temperature variation of free-ranging and captive southern brown bandicoots Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae). J Therm Biol. 2007;32:72–77
  26. Fowler JN. Medical. In:  Svendsen ED editors. The professional handbook of the donkey. The Donkey Sanctuary. England: Sovereign Printing Group; 1986;p. 91–99
  27. Schmidt-Nielson K. Animal physiology: adaptation and environment. 5th ed.. Daryaganj, New Delhi: Cambridge University Press; 1997;247–252
  28. Makarov VI. Changes in biorhythms in extreme conditions: chronobiology and chronomedicine. Moscow: Meditsina Publishing House; 1989;169–183 [in Russian]
  29. Piccione G, Caola G. Biological rhythm in livestock. J Vet Sci. 2002;3:145–157
  30. Adam JM. Nychthemeral rhythms in long-distance flights. Proc R Soc Med. 1972;65:194
  31. Mills JN, Minors DS, Waterhouse JM. Adaptation to abrupt time shifts of the oscillator[s] controlling human circadian rhythms. J Physiol. 1978;285:455–470
  32. Small BC. Effect of fasting on nychthemeral concentrations of plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and cortisol in channel catfish (Ictalulus punctatus). Comp Biochem Physiol, Part B: Biochem Mol Biol. 2005;142:217–223
  33. Mukku V, Prahalada S, Moudgal NR. Effect of constant light on nychthemeral variations in serum testosterone in male Macaca radiata. Nature. 1976;260:778–780
  34. Faurie AS, Mitchell D, Laburn HP. Peripartum body temperatures in free-ranging ewes (Ovis aries) and their lambs. J Therm Biol. 2004;29:115–122
  35. Takahashi JS, Zatz M. Regulation of circadian rhythmicity. Science. 1982;217:1104–1111
  36. Gern WA, Owens DW, Ralph CL. Persistence of the nychthemeral rhythm of melatonin secretion in pinealectomized or optic tract-sectioned trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Exp Zool. 2005;205:371–376
  37. Wikipedia. Circadian rhythm. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm. Accessed November 21, 2007.
  38. Raloff J. Social jet lag: need a smoke?. Sci News. 2006;170:94
  39. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Circadian rhythm, or daily rhythm, or diel rhythm, or diurnal rhythm, or nychthemeral rhythm, or solar day rhythm (biology). Available at: www.britannica.com/eb/article-9082684/circadian_rhythm. Retrieved on November 21, 2007.

 Refereed

PII: S0737-0806(08)00095-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.03.003

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 281-288 , May 2008