Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 28, Issue 3 , Pages 167-170 , March 2008

First Report of an Outbreak of African Horsesickness Virus Serotype 2 in the Northern Hemisphere

  • Folorunso Fasina, DVM

      Affiliations

    • Viral Research Department, NVRI, Nigeria
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Dr F. O. Fasina, Viral Research Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
    • ,
  • Abraham Christiaan Potgieter, PhD

      Affiliations

    • AHSV & BTV Laboratory, Virology Division, ARC-OVI, South Africa
    • ,
  • Ademola Ibironke, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Livestock Services, Osun State Ministry of Agriculture, Nigeria
    • ,
  • Benjamin Bako

      Affiliations

    • Epidemiology Division, NVRI, Nigeria
    • ,
  • Dauda Bwala, DVM

      Affiliations

    • Viral Vaccine Production Department, NVRI, Nigeria
    • ,
  • Peterside Kumbish, DVM

      Affiliations

    • Epidemiology Division, NVRI, Nigeria

References 

  1. Mellor PS, Wellby MP. Effect of temperature on African horsesickness virus infection of and transmission by vector species of Culicoides. In:  Wernery U,  Wade JF,  Mumford JA,  Kaaden O-R editor. Equine infectious diseases VIII. Proceedings 8th International Conference. Suffolk, England: R&W Publications; 1998;p. 246–251
  2. Kemp GE, Humburg JM, Alhaji I. Isolation and identification of African horsesickness virus in Nigeria. Vet Rec. 1971;89:127–128
  3. Parker J, Armstrong RM, Abegunde A, Taylor WP. African horsesickness virus in Northern Nigeria, 1974-1975. Res Vet Sci. 1977;22:274–280
  4. Oladosu LA, Olaleye OD, Baba SS, Omilabu SA. Isolation and identification of African horsesickness virus during an outbreak in Lagos, Nigeria. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epizoot. 1993;12:873–877
  5. Adeyefa CA, Hamblin C. Continuing prevalence of African horsesickness in Nigeria. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1995;48:31–33
  6. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. African horsesickness. In: Emerging diseases of animals. FAO: Rome; 1963:73-108.
  7. Timoney PJ. The increasing significance of international trade in equids and its influence on the spread of infectious diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;916:55–60
  8. Harvell CD, Mitchell CE, Ward JR, Altizer S, Dobson AP, Ostfield RS, et al. Climate warming and disease risk for terrestrial and marine biota. Science. 2002;296:2158–2162
  9. Venter GJ, Graham SD, Hamblin C. African horsesickness epidemiology: vector competence of South African Culicoides species for virus serotypes 3, 5 and 8. Med Vet Entomol. 2000;14:245–250
  10. Paweska JT, Venter GJ, Mellor PS. Vector competence of South African Culicoides species for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) with special reference to the effect of temperature on the rate of virus replication in C imicola and C bolitinos. Med Vet Entomol. 2002;16:10–21
  11. Maree S, Paweska JT. Preparation of recombinant African horsesickness virus VP7 antigen via a simple method and validation of a VP7-based indirect ELISA for the detection of group-specific IgG antibodies in horse sera. J Virol Methods. 2005;125:55–65
  12. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). African horsesickness. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Paris, France; OIE; 2004. Also available at: http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00034.htm.
  13. Bremer CW, Viljoen GJ. Detection of African horsesickness virus and discrimination between two equine orbivirus serogroups by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1998;65:1–8
  14. Potgieter AC, Steele AD, Van Dijk AA. Cloning of complete genome sets of six dsRNA viruses using an improved cloning method for large dsRNA genes. J Gen Virol. 2002;83:2215–2223
  15. Maan S, Rao S, Maan NS, Anthony SJ, Attoui H, Samuel AR, et al. Rapid cDNA synthesis and sequencing techniques for the genetic study of bluetongue and other dsRNA viruses. J Virol Methods. 2007;143:132–139
  16. Potgieter AC, Cloete M, Pretorius PJ, van Dijk AA. A first full outer capsid protein sequence data-set in the Orbivirus genus (family Reoviridae): cloning, sequencing, expression and analysis of a complete set of full-length outer capsid VP2 genes of the nine African horsesickness virus serotypes. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:1317–1326
  17. Tamura K, Dudley J, Neil M, Kumar S. MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2007;10:1093/molbev/msm092
  18. In:  Radostits OM,  Gay CC,  Blood DC,  Hinchcliff KW,  Constable PD editor. Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 9th ed.. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier; 2007;p. 1179–1183
  19. Mellor PS, Boorman J, Baylis M. Culicoides biting midges: Their role as arbovirus vectors. Ann Rev Entomol. 2000;45:307–340
  20. Best JR, Abegunde A, Taylor WP. An outbreak of African horsesickness in Nigeria. Vet Rec. 1975;97:394
  21. Baylis M, el Hasnaoui H, Bouayoune H, Touti J, Mellor PS. The spatial and seasonal distribution of African horsesickness and its potential Culicoides vectors in Morocco. Med Vet Entomol. 1997;11:203–212
  22. Venter GJ, Nevill EM, Van der Linde TKC. Seasonal abundance and parity of stock-associated Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in different climatic regions in Southern Africa in relation to their viral vector potential. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1997;64:259–271

 Refereed

PII: S0737-0806(08)00021-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.01.017

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 28, Issue 3 , Pages 167-170 , March 2008

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