Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 107-111 , March 2007

Effect of Prophylactic Intramuscular Administration of Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan on Developmental and Traumatic Joint Injuries in Thoroughbred Foals

  • Gary W. White, DVM

      Affiliations

    • From GCT Consulting Services, Inc., Sallisaw, OK
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: G.W. White, P.O. Box 733, Sallisaw, OK 74955.
    • ,
  • G. Fredrick Fregin, VMD

      Affiliations

    • Dallas, TX
    • ,
  • Jules R. Selden, VMD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Norristown, PA

References 

  1. McIlwraith CW. Diseases of joints, tendons, ligaments and related structures. In:  Stashak T editors. Adams' lameness in horses. 5th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002;p. 459–644
  2. van der Harst MR, van der Lest CH, Degroot J, Kiers GH, Brama PAJ, van Weeren PR. Study of cartilage and bone layers of the bearing surface of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint relative to different timescales of maturation. Equine Vet J. 2005;37:200–206
  3. Brama PAJ, Tekopple JM, Bank RA, Barneveld A, van Weeren PR. Functional adaptation of equine articular cartilage: the formation of regional biochemical characteristics up to age one year. Equine Vet J. 2000;32:217–221
  4. Douglas J. Pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. In:  Ross MW,  Dyson SJ editor. Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse. St. Louis: Saunders; 2003;p. 534–543
  5. Dik KJ, Enzerink E, van Weeren PR. Radiographic development of osteochondral abnormalities in the hock and stifle of Dutch Warmblood foals from age 1 to 11 months. Equine Vet J. 1991;31:9–15
  6. Hurtig M, Pool R. Pathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis. In:  McIlwraith CW,  Trotter GW editor. Joint disease in the horse. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1996;p. 335–358
  7. Bertone AL, Bramlage LR, McIlwraith CW, Malemud CL. Comparison of proteoglycan and collagen in articular cartilage of horses with naturally developing osteochondrosis and healing osteochondral fragments of experimentally induced fractures. Am J Vet Res. 2005;66:1881–1890
  8. van Weeren PR, van Oldruitenborgh-Ooste Sloet, Barneveld A. The influence of birth weight, rate of weight gain and final achieved height and sex on the development of osteochondrotic lesions in a population of genetically predisposed Warmblood foals. Equine Vet J. 1999;31(suppl.):26–30
  9. Semevolos SA, Nixon AJ, Strassheim ML. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 and –2 and a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist in horses with naturally acquired osteochondrosis. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65:110–115
  10. Billinghurst RC, Brama PAJ, van Weeren PR, Knowlton MS, McIlwraith CW. Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondritis in foals. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65:143–150
  11. Shingleton WD, Mackie EJ, Cawston TE, Jeffcott LB. Cartilage canals in equine articular/epiphyseal growth cartilage and a possible association with dyschondroplasia. Equine Vet J. 1997;29:360–364
  12. Carlson CS, Cullens LD, Meuten DJ. Osteochondrosis of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex in young horses: evidence for a defect in cartilage canal blood supply. Vet Pathol. 1995;32:641–647
  13. Jeffcoat LB, Hensen FM. Studies on growth cartilage in the horse and their application to aetiopathogenesis of dyschondroplasia (osteochondrosis). Vet J. 1998;156:177–192
  14. Hensen FM, Davenport C, Butler L, Moran I, Shingleton WD, Jeffcott LB, et al. Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II on the growth of equine fetal and neonatal chondrocytes. Equine Vet J. 1997;29:441–447
  15. van der Lest CH, Brama PA, van Weeren PR. The influence of exercise on the composition of developing equine joints. Biorheology. 2002;39:183–191
  16. van der Lest CH, Brama PA, van El B, DeGroot J, van Weeren PR. Extracellular matrix changes in early osteochondrotic defects in foals: a key role for collagen?. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004;1690:54–62
  17. Lillich JD, Bertone AL, Malemud CJ, Weisbrode SE, Ruggles AJ, Stevenson S. Biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characterization of distal tibia osteochondrosis in horses. Am J Vet Res. 1997;58:89–98
  18. van der Hoogen BM, van der Lest CH, van Weeren PR, van Golde LM, Barneveld A. Changes in proteoglycan metabolism in osteochondrotic articular cartilage of growing foals. Equine Vet J. 1999;31(suppl.):38–44
  19. Trotter G. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (Adequan). In:  McIlwraith CW,  Trotter GW editor. Joint disease in the horse. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1996;p. 270–280
  20. Glade MJ. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan accelerated net synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans by arthritic equine cartilage tissues and chondrocytes. Am J Vet Res. 1990;51:779–785
  21. Burkhardt D, Ghosh P. Laboratory evaluation of antiarthritic drugs as potential chondroprotective agents. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1987;17:3–34
  22. White GW. Can we attenuate the effects of joint injuries on young race horses by administration of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan?. J Equine Vet Sci. 1998;18:786–788
  23. Lust G, Williams A, Burton-Wurster N, Beck KA, Rubin G. Effect of intramuscular glycosaminoglycan polysulfates on signs of incipient hip dysplasia in growing pups. Am J Vet Res. 1992;53:1836–1843
  24. Todhunter R, Lust G. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994;204:1245
  25. Jorgensen HS, Proschowsky H, Falk-Ronne J, Willeberg P, Hesselholt M. The significance of routine radiographic findings with respect to subsequent racing performance and longevity in Standardbred trotter. Equine Vet J. 1997;29:55–59
  26. Scott GS, Crawford WH, Colahan PT. Arthroscopic findings in horses with subtle radiographic evidence of osteochondral lesions of the medial femoral condyle: 15 cases (1995-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;224:1821–1826

 Refereed

PII: S0737-0806(07)00050-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.01.011

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 107-111 , March 2007

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