Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 112-117 , March 2007

Use of a Mycobacterial Cell Wall Extract (MCWE) in Susceptible Mares to Clear Experimentally Induced Endometritis With Streptococcus zooepidemicus

  • D. Rogan, DVM, MSc, PhD

      Affiliations

    • From Bioniche Animal Health, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: D. Rogan, Bioniche Animal Health, P.O. Box 1570, Belleville, Ontario, Canada, K8N 5J2.
  • ,
  • E. Fumuso, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • ,
  • E. Rodríguez, DVM, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • ,
  • J. Wade, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Bioniche Animal Health (Europe), Co. Meath, Ireland
  • ,
  • S.F. Sánchez Bruni, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
    • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina

References 

  1. Troedsson MHT. Uterine clearance and resistance to persistent endometritis in the mare. Theriogenology. 1999;52:461–471
  2. Watson ED. Post breeding endometritis in the mare. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;60–61:221–232
  3. Hughes JP, Loy RG. Investigations of the effect of intrauterine innoculation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in the mare. In: Proceedings 15th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners; 1969:285–289.
  4. Waelchli RO, Winder NC. Mononuclear cell infiltration of the equine endometrium: immunohistochemical studies. Equine Vet J. 1991;23:470–474
  5. Troedsson MH, Liu IK, Thurmond M. Function of uterine and blood-derived polymorphonuclear neutrophils in mares susceptible and resistant to chronic uterine infection: phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Biol Reprod. 1993;49:507–514
  6. Watson ED, Stokes CR, Bourne FJ. Cellular and humoral defence mechanisms in mares susceptible and resistant to persistent endometritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1987;16:107–121
  7. Cheung AT, Liu IK, Walsh EM, Miller ME. Phagocytic and killing capacities of uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mares resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46:1938–1940
  8. Liu IK, Cheung AT, Walsh EM, Miller ME, Lindenberg PM. Comparison of peripheral blood and uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mares resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis: chemotactic and cell elastimetry analysis. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46:917–920
  9. Couto MA, Hughes JP. Intrauterine inoculation of a bacteria-free filtrate of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in clinically normal and infected mares. J Equine Vet Sci. 1985;5:81–86
  10. Zerbe H, Schuberth HJ, Engelke F, Frank J, Klug E, Leibold W. Development and comparison of in vivo and in vitro models for endometritis in cows and mares. Theriogenology. 2003;60:209–223
  11. LeBlanc M, Neuwirth L, Mauragis D, Klapstein E, Tran T. Oxytocin enhances clearance of radiocolloid from the uterine lumen of reproductively normal mares and mares susceptible to endometritis. Equine Vet J. 1994;26:279–282
  12. LeBlanc M. Oxytocin: the new wonder drug for treatment of endometritis. Equine Vet Educ. 1994;6:39–43
  13. Fumuso E, Giguère S, Wade J, Rogan D, Videla-Dorna I, Bowden R. Endometrial IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, mRNA expression in mares resistant or susceptible to post-breeding endometritis: effects of estrous cycle, artificial insemination and immunomodulation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2003;96:31–41
  14. Fumuso E, Álvarez G, Bruno S, Videla-Dorna I, Wade J, Rogan D, et al. Non-specific immunomodulation at post-partum improves uterine condition and fertility in mares. In: Proceedings 8th World Equine Veterinary Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2003:80.
  15. Fumuso E, Aguilar J, Giguère S, Videla Dorna I, Wade J, Rogan D. Non-specific immunomodulation (NSI) can rectify an imbalanced uterine/ovarian milieu in mares susceptible to endometritis. In: Proceedings 6th International Symposium on Equine Embryo Transfer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Havermeyer Foundation Monograph Series (ISSN 1472-3158) No. 14: 2004a:10–12.
  16. Fumuso E, Demarchi E, González F, Rodriguez E, Videla Dorna I, Wade J, et al. Non-specific immuno-modulation improves fertility in sub-fertile mares. In: Proceedings 15th International Congress on Animal Reproduction (ICAR), Porto Seguro, Brazil; 2004b:247.
  17. Rogan D, Fumuso E, Wade J, Sanchez Bruni SF. Immunotherapeutic activity of a mycobacterial cell wall formulation in treating Streptococcus zooepidemicus induced endometritis in mares. In: Proceedings Modern Vaccine/Adjuvant Formulation, Prague, Czech Republic; 2004: Proc. on CD, Index.html:8.
  18. Rogan D, Strauss C. Potential use of immunomodulation in the treatment of endometritis in cattle. In: Proceedings 6° Simposio Internacional de Reproduccion Animale, Cordoba, Argentina; 2005:259–275.
  19. Brinsko S, Rigby SL, Varner DD, Blanchard TL. A practical method for recognizing mares susceptible to post-breeding endometritis. In: Proceedings 49th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, New Orleans, Louisiana. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org), 2003; Document No. P0657.1103.
  20. Losinno L, Aguilar J. Ultrasonografía aplicada a la reproducción en la yegua. Rev Col Cienc Pec. 2000;13:60–71
  21. Cadario ME, Thatcher WW, Klapstein E, Merrit AM, Archbald LF, Thatcher MJ, et al. Dynamics of prostaglandin secretion, intrauterine fluid and uterine clearance in reproductively normal mares and mares with delayed uterine clearance. Theriogenology. 1999;52:1181–1192
  22. Ricketts SW. The barren mare. In Practice. 1989;11:119–123
  23. Ricketts SW. The barren mare. In Practice. 1989;11:156–164
  24. Riddle WT, LeBlanc MM, Pierce SW, Stromberg AT. Relationships between pregnancy rates, uterine cytology, and culture results in a Thoroughbred practice in central Kentucky. In: Proceedings 51st Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Seattle, WA. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org), 2005; Document No. P2630.1205.
  25. Miragaya MH, Woods GL, Losinno L. Endometritis, salpingitis and fertilisation rates after mating mares with a history of intrauterine lumenal fluid accumulation. Equine Vet J. 1997;25(suppl.):109–112
  26. Yamamura Y, Sakatani M, Ogura T, Azuma I. Adjuvant immunotherapy of lung cancer with BCG cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS). Cancer. 1979;43:1314–1319
  27. Azuma I, Ribi EE, Meyer TJ, Zbar B. Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. I. Isolation and composition of cell wall skeleton and component P3. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974;52:95–101
  28. Adam A, Lederer E. Muramyl peptides: immunomodulators, sleep factors, and vitamins. Med Res Rev. 1984;4:111–152
  29. Azuma I, Seya T. Development of immunoadjuvants for immunotherapy of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001;1:1249–1259
  30. Korf J, Stoltz A, Verschoor J, De Baetselier P, Grooten J. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall component mycolic acid elicits pathogen-associated host innate immune responses. Eur J Immunol. 2005;35:890–900
  31. Indrigo J, Hunter RL, Actor JK. Cord factor trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) mediates trafficking events during mycobacterial infection of murine macrophages. Microbiology. 2003;149:2049–2059
  32. Gobec S, Plantan I, Mravljak J, Wilson RA, Besra GS, Kikelj D. Phosphonate inhibitors of antigen 85C, a crucial enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004;4:3559–3562
  33. Strohmeier GR, Fenton MJ. Roles of lipoarabinomannan in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Microbes Infect. 1999;1:709–717
  34. Means TK, Jones BW, Schromm AB, Shurtleff BA, Smith JA, Keane J, et al. Differential effects of a Toll-like receptor antagonist on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced macrophage responses. J Immunol. 2001;166:4074–4082
  35. Velasco-Velazquez MA, Barrera D, Gonzalez-Arenas A, Rosales C, Agramonte-Hevia J. Macrophage–Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactions: role of complement receptor 3. Microb Pathog. 2003;35:125–131
  36. Klucinski W, Dembele K, Kleczkowski M, Sitarska E, Winnicka A, Sikora J. Evaluation of the effect of experimental cow endometritis on bactericidal capability of phagocytizing cells isolated from the blood and uterine lumen. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1995;42:461–466
  37. Colotta F, Re F, Polentarutti N, Sozzani S, Mantovani A. Modulation of granulocyte survival and programmed cell death by cytokines and bacterial products. Blood. 1992;80:2012–2020
  38. Singh J, Sidhu SS, Dhaliwal GS, Pangaonkar GR, Nanda AS, Grewal AS. Effectiveness of lipopolysaccharide as an intrauterine immunomodulator in curing bacterial endometritis in repeat breeding cross-bred cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;59:159–166
  39. Neufert C, Pai RK, Noss EH, Berger M, Boom WH, Harding CV. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein promotes neutrophil activation. J Immunol. 2001;167:1542–1549
  40. LeBlanc MM. Persistent mating induced endometritis in the mare: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. In: Ball BA, ed. Recent advances in equine reproduction. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org), 2003; Document No. A0206.1203.

 Refereed

PII: S0737-0806(07)00049-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.01.010

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 112-117 , March 2007