Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 130-139 , March 2007

Incidence, Endocrinology, Vascularity, and Morphology of Hemorrhagic Anovulatory Follicles in Mares

  • O.J. Ginther, VMD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • From Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin
    • Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: O.J. Ginther, VMD, PhD, Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, 1656 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
    • ,
  • E.L. Gastal, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
    • ,
  • M.O. Gastal, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • From Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin
    • ,
  • M.A. Beg, DVM, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison

References 

  1. Ginther OJ. Reproductive biology of the mare, basic and applied aspects. 2nd ed.. Cross Plains, WI: Equiservices Publishing; 1992;224–226
  2. Ginther OJ. Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction: book 2, horses. Cross Plains, WI: Equiservices Publishing; 1995;35–40
  3. Ginther OJ, Pierson RA. Ultrasonic evaluation of the reproductive tract of the mare: ovaries. J Equine Vet Sci. 1984;4:11–16
  4. Ginther OJ, Pierson RA. Regular and irregular characteristics of ovulation and the interovulatory interval in mares. J Equine Vet Sci. 1989;9:4–12
  5. Ginther OJ. Reproductive biology of the mare, basic and applied aspects. Cross Plains, WI: Equiservices Publishing; 1979;164–165
  6. Carnevale EM, Squires EL, McKinnon AO, Harrison LA. Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on time to ovulation and luteal function in transitional mares. J Equine Vet Sci. 1989;9:27–29
  7. McCue PM, Squires EL. Persistent anovulatory follicles in the mare. Theriogenology. 2002;58:541–543
  8. Burkhardt J. Some clinical problems of horse breeding. Vet Rec. 1948;60:243–248
  9. Knudsen O, Weiert V. Ovarian oestrogen levels in the non-pregnant mare: relationship to histological appearance of the uterus and to clinical status. J Reprod Fertil. 1961;2:130–137
  10. McKinnon AO. Ovarian abnormalities. In:  Rantanen NW,  McKinnon AO editor. Equine diagnostic ultrasonography. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1998;p. 233–251
  11. Pycock JF. Breeding management of the problem mare. In:  Samper JC editors. Equine breeding management and artificial insemination. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2000;p. 195–228
  12. Pierson RA, Ginther OJ. Ultrasonic evaluation of the corpus luteum of the mare. Theriogenology. 1985;23:795–806
  13. Townson DH, Ginther OJ. The development of fluid-filled luteal glands in mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 1988;17:155–163
  14. Townson DH, Pierson RA, Ginther OJ. Characterization of plasma progesterone concentrations for two distinct luteal morphologies in mares. Theriogenology. 1989;32:197–204
  15. Adams GP, Sumar J, Ginther OJ. Hemorrhagic ovarian follicles in llamas. Theriogenology. 1991;35:557
  16. Pierson RA, Chizen DR. Transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of normal and aberrant ovulation. In:  Jaffe R,  Pierson RA,  Abramowicz JS editor. Imaging in infertility and reproductive endocrinology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company; 1994;p. 129–142
  17. Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Ginther OJ. The suitability of echotexture characteristics of the follicular wall for identifying the optimal breeding day in mares. Theriogenology. 1998;50:1025–1038
  18. Carnevale EM. Folliculogenesis and ovulation. In:  Rantanen NW,  McKinnon AO editor. Equine diagnostic ultrasound. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1998;p. 201–211
  19. Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Beg MA. Conversion of a viable preovulatory follicle into a hemorrhagic anovulatory follicle in mares. Anim Reprod. 2006;3:29–40
  20. Carnevale EM, McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Voss JL. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicle preceding and during ovulation in mares. J Equine Vet Sci. 1988;8:428–431
  21. Townson DH, Ginther OJ. Size and shape changes in the preovulatory follicle in mares based on digital analysis of ultrasonic images. Anim Reprod Sci. 1989;21:63–71
  22. Pierson RA, Ginther OJ. Ultrasonic evaluation of the preovulatory follicle in the mare. Theriogenology. 1985;24:359–368
  23. Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Ginther OJ. Serrated granulosa and other discrete ultrasound indicators of impending ovulation in mares. J Equine Vet Sci. 2006;26:67–73
  24. Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO. Spatial relationships between serrated granulosa and vascularity of the preovulatory follicle and developing corpus luteum. J Equine Vet Sci. 2006;27:20–27
  25. Johnson PJ, Ganjam VK, Slight SH, Kreeger JM, Messer NT. Tissue-specific dysregulation of cortisol metabolism in equine laminitis. Equine Vet J. 2004;36:41–45
  26. Asa CS, Ginther OJ. Glucocorticoid suppression of oestrus, follicles, LH and ovulation in the mare. J Reprod Fertil (suppl.). 1982;32:247–251
  27. Gastal EL, Bergfelt DR, Nogueira GP, Gastal MO, Ginther OJ. Role of luteinizing hormone in follicle deviation based on manipulating progesterone concentrations in mares. Biol Reprod. 1999;61:1492–1498
  28. McGorum BC, Young LE, Milne EM. Nonfatal subcapsular splenic haematoma in a horse. Equine Vet J. 1996;28:166–168
  29. Stangroom JE, Weevers RG. Anticoagulant activity of equine follicular fluid. J Reprod Fertil. 1962;3:269–282
  30. Yamada M, Gentry PA. The hemostatic profile of equine ovarian follicular fluid. Thromb Res. 1995;77:45–54
  31. Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Bergfelt DR, Baerwald AR, Pierson RA. Comparative study of the dynamics of follicular waves in mares and women. Biol Reprod. 2004;71:1105–1201

 Refereed

PII: S0737-0806(07)00048-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.01.009

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 130-139 , March 2007

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